Monday 22 June 2020

West African Journal of Medicine: West African Journal of Medicine - Newsletter June...

West African Journal of Medicine: West African Journal of Medicine - Newsletter June...:     From the Desk of the Editor-in-Chief June 2020   Dear Colleagues, Thank you for your continued support and interest in the West African ...

West African Journal of Medicine - Newsletter June 2020

 
West African Journal of Medicine
 
From the Desk of the Editor-in-Chief
June 2020
 
Dear Colleagues,
Thank you for your continued support and interest in the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM). We appreciate our esteemed reviewers for their expertise and painstaking voluntary contributions to the Journal and the authors for their valuable submissions. This month, will feature the following updates for your information.

APRIL TO JUNE 2020 EDITION
The printed copies are available at the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM) office at 6, Taylor Drive, Edmund Crescent, Medical Compound, Yaba, Lagos. You could place a request to subscribe for your copy and arrangements would be made to courier it to you. Corresponding authors have been sent their complementary copies by courier service (DHL).

JULY TO AUGUST 2020 EDITION
The latest issue of the West African Journal of Medicine Vol. 37, No. 3, July - August, 2020 is out! The printed copies are available at the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM) office at 6, Taylor Drive, Edmund Crescent, Medical Compound, Yaba, Lagos. Corresponding authors will be sent their complimentary copies by courier service (DHL). Authors and those interested could place request for subscription at the journal office or email request to wajmeditorinchief@gmail.com.
Below is the list of articles in this edition. You can access the free abstract-text content of this issue.

EDITORIAL
Covid-19 Pandemic: The New Reality
GE Erhabor

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Mobile Phone Use in the Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: A New Potential Weapon
.
M. A. Olamoyegun, O. J. Emuoyibofarhe, O. A. Ala, E. Ugwu
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):201-208. PMID: 32476111

Mortality Trends among Older Patients admitted to the Geriatric Centre,
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2013–2017
.

A. Adebusoye, O. O. Olowookere, S. A. Ajayi, V. I. Akinmoladun, T. O. Alonge
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):209-215. PMID: 32476112

Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Prescribing in a Nigerian Hospital: Findings and Implications on Antimicrobial Resistance.
A Fowotade, T. Fasuyi, O. Aigbovo, A. Versporten, O. Adekanmbi, O. Akinyemi, H. Goossens, A. Kehinde, O. Oduyebo
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):216-220. PMID: 32476113

Evaluation of Ophthalmology Inpatients Consultation in a Nigerian
Tertiary Eye Care Centre.

D. H. Kayoma, C. U. Ukponmwan, J. N. Ese-Onakewhor
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):221-224. PMID: 32476114

Serum Uric Acid Predicts Antihypertensive Medication Adherence in Nigeria: A Hospital Based Study.
O. A. Adewuya, E. A. Ajayi, A. O. Adetiloye, A. S. Atiba, S. A. Dada, O. O. Areo
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):225-230. PMID: 32476115

The Assessment of Copeptin and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels as Biomarkers in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.
C. J. Okwor, K. S. Adedapo, O. O. Bello, A. D. A. Adebayo, V. C. Okwor
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):231-236. PMID: 32476116

An Assessment of Glycaemic Control and Modes of Health Financing among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending a Teaching Hospital in South-Western Nigeria.
T. E. Attoye, P. A. Adebobola, V. Inem
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):237-247. PMID: 32476117

An Update on the Histomorphological Pattern of Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland in Nigerian Men as seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
S. A. Omenai, M. Mashor, A. Adebiyi, O. J. Ogunbiyi
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):248-252. PMID: 32476118

Comparison of the Treatment Assessments of the Conventional Stainless-Steel Crown Restorations and the Hall Technique.
O. S. Ayedun, F. A. Oredugba, E. O. Sote
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):253-259. PMID: 32476119

HIV Co-Infection with Hepatitis B and C and Liver Function in Children and
Adolescent on Antiretroviral Therapy in a Tertiary Health Institution in Abuja
.

A.A. Okechukwu, Y. Thairu, M. S. Dalili
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):260-267. PMID: 32476120

Morbidity Pattern and Choice of Care in an Urban Slum of a Metropolitan State, Southwestern Nigeria.
A. M. Adebayo, T. A. Obembe, B. E. Adebayo
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):268-274. PMID: 32476121

Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT).
A. A. Akor, A. Bamidele, G. E. Erhabor

West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):275-280. PMID: 32476122

Twenty Years of Repair of Ventricular Septal Defects in Ghana.
M. N. Tamatey, M. M. Tettey, F. Edwin, E. A. Aniteye, K. Entsua-Mensah, B. Gyan, I. K. Adzamli, G. Offei-Larbi, L. A. Sereboe, K. Frimpong-Boateng
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):281-283. PMID: 32476123

Takayasu’s Arteritis Presenting Atypically In A Female Nigerian.
G. J. Odunlami, O. O. Okunola, H. Olaosebikan, A. S. Aderibigbe, A. I. Ajibade
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):284-289. PMID: 32476124

CASE REPORT
Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid at Point of Care in Resource-Limited Setting: A Pilot Study.
C. B. Egu, A. Ogunniyi
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):290-294. PMID: 32476125

REVIEW ARTICLE
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical Perspectives and Ongoing Challenges.
A. O. Arawomo, A. I. M Ajibade, B. Adeniyi, J. Aigbirior, G. E. Erhabor
West Afr J Med. 2020 Jul-Aug;37(3):295-316. PMID: 32476126

PRESS RELEASE
Response of the West African College of Physicians to the COVID-19 Pandemic in West Africa
A. Akpalu

Executive Summary of WACP Press Statement on COVID-19
Y. Houenou, A. Akpalu
________________________________________________________________
WEBSITE
The journal’s website is fully functional and now accessible. Kindly visit and register with your details as an author or reviewer. For online submission click- https://wajmed.org/submit_manuscript.php

ADVERTS
Showcase your brand and products (conferences, exhibitions and workshops) through adverts in our esteemed print publications reaching out to healthcare professionals and institutions worldwide. Kindly contact the Editor-in-Chief for details (email: wajmeditorinchief@gmail.com).

SEPTEMBER TO OCTOBER 2020 EDITION
Authors are advised to kindly pay for the publication charges and fulfil other obligations if they have not done so. Please, be informed that the manuscript submission and publication charges has been upwardly reviewed in order to meet up with the current economic reality and production costs. Articles slated for this edition will be publicised in the next newsletter. However, authors have been duly informed.

NOVEMBER – DECEMBER 2020 EDITION
Articles for November – December are already scheduled. Authors would be informed accordingly as the process advances.There are other articles in the final stages of review. We would notify the authors as soon as your article is accepted for publication. Accepted articles would be scheduled for publication accordingly.I would like to reiterate the followings ways you can support the journal.
 
  • By submitting manuscripts and encouraging your colleagues to also submit manuscripts pertaining to all aspects of Medicine and Surgery.
  • By being part of the peer review process as a reviewer and reviewing manuscripts promptly within two weeks.
  • By soliciting for adverts on the Journal which will help to fund the journal.
  • By sending in useful suggestions and feedbacks.
  • By referring your colleagues and institutions to subscribe to our regular email newsletters and update.
Thank you for your continued interest in WAJM!

Prof. G. E. Erhabor
Editor-in-Chief
West African Journal of Medicine




Monday 26 August 2019

WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE - LATEST ISSUE (MAY - AUGUST, 2019)


Dear Colleagues

The latest issue of the West African Journal of Medicine Vol. 36, No. 2, May - August, 2019 is out! The printed copies are available at the West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM) office at 6, Taylor Drive, Edmund Crescent, Medical Compound, Yaba, Lagos.

The copies will also be made available at the various centers during the October 2019 West African College of Physicians & West African College of Surgeons Fellowship Examinations.
You can also access free abstract-text content of this issue through the following links;

·       Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/wajmedic
·       Twitter:  https://twitter.com/wajmedic
·       Blog:  https://wajmeditor.blogspot.com
·       Google Plus:  https://plus.google.com/111507556876991931770
·       Website: www.wajmed.org
The West African Journal of Medicine is indexed/abstracted in PubMed Central, EMBASE, Excerpta Medica, and African Index Medicus among others.

Corresponding authors will receive complementary copies of this edition. Below is the list of articles in this current edition.



We look forward to receiving your valuable submissions and thank you in advance for your contributions.

Prof. G. E. Erhabor
Editor-in-Chief

Friday 29 March 2019

WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE - LATEST ISSUE

Dear Colleagues,

Latest issue of the West African Journal of Medicine Vol. 36, No. 1, January - April, 2019 will be available soon! You may access free abstract-text content of this issue through the links below;

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/wajmedic
Twitter:  https://twitter.com/wajmedic
Blog:  https://wajmeditor.blogspot.com
Website: www.wajmed.org

The West African Journal of Medicine is indexed/abstracted in PubMed Central, EMBASE, Excerpta Medica, African Journals on Line and African Index Medicus amongst others.
We are looking forward to receiving your valuable submissions and thank you in advance for your contributions.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF'S PERSPECTIVE


For the past few weeks, I have been asked several questions regarding the West African Journal of Medicine. I will answer these questions successively below. I want to thank all our researchers and Fellows of the WACP and WACS for their continued interest in the Journal.

·         The WAJM did not publish for a long period of time. Will this situation reoccur?
No. We have totally revamped our system and our goal is to make sure we produce the journal consistently and promptly. Our existing structure is strategically constituted to achieve this.

·         Why is the acceptance rate low?
One of my major goals is to help upcoming researchers improve their writing skills. If an article is found unsuitable for the journal in its original form, we encourage and assist the author in improving his/her manuscript, for new submission. We also give authors all the reviewers' comments to further help improve their manuscripts.

·         Why does it take a long time to review and publish articles?
A few delays have been due to difficulties in finding suitable reviewers and we have experienced slow response from some of our reviewers, on occasion. We are working hard to address this issue in our subsequent editions. As much as possible, our reviewers are given between two to four weeks for review. As soon as the articles are submitted and found suitable for publishing, they are published promptly. Presently, we publish quarterly.

·         What are the publication and processing fees and why do we have to pay?
Our Journal is self-supporting. Funds generated by the Journal are used for payment of staff, printing of the Journal and other logistics. I am particularly grateful to the WACP and WACS for their support. The processing fee and the publication charges are used to process and publish the Journal quarterly. The processing fee is 50 dollars while the publication fee ranges between N45,000 to N50,000 naira based on the number of tables, figures, pie charts, histograms, etc. in the article. In order to allow the Journal to retain its standard, and considering all the logistics, we believe the current fees are adequate. Presently, we do not intend to increase the fees. However, there may be changes later depending on the economic situation.

·         Can I contact the Editor-in-Chief personally if I have issues regarding the Journal?
 I am willing to receive calls or mails concerning any clarification regarding the Journal at any time. This is particularly so, in this critical period, when efforts are geared towards revamping and sustaining the Journal.

·         Is WAJM a local, regional or international Journal?
The WAJM is an international Journal that covers all subspecialties in Medical Sciences and Surgery. All manuscripts are subjected to thorough peer-review process by eminent scholars. The Editors are chosen and rotated between the West African College of Physicians (WACP) and West African College of Surgeons (WACS). Although, it is an international journal, we encourage articles that are of particular relevance to Africa.

·         Must I be a Fellow of the West African College of Physicians or West African College of Surgeons to submit manuscripts?
Anyone can submit manuscripts as long as it is in line with the Journals missions and goals. We accept manuscripts from all fields of medicine, surgery, paediatrics, o b s t e t r i c s a n d g y n a e c o l o g y, histopathology, amongst several others. However, my goal is to encourage members of the College (WACP and WACS).

·         What kind of manuscript can I submit?
  1.         Original research articles
  2.          Reviews and meta-analysis
  3.          Brief communication and case reports
  4.          Medical education matters and issues
  5.          Conference and workshop reports/proceedings
  6.          Supplements
  7.          Editorials and commentaries
  8.          Correspondence (Letters)
  9.          Patient vignettes
  10.          Book Reviews
  11.          Association News
  12.          Medical and Health News
  13.          Miscellaneous (prose, poetry, sociopolitical issues with medical bias, etc.)

 ·         How do I submit manuscripts?
An electronic copy of the manuscript should be sent to the email address of the Editor-in-Chief, Professor Gregory E. Erhabor; wajmeditorinchief@gmail.com, wajmeditorinchief@wajmed.org. Other details on submission can be found in the Journal.

·         How can I support the Journal?
  1.             By submitting manuscripts and encouraging your colleagues to also submit manuscripts pertaining to all aspects of Medicine and Surgery.
  2.      By being part of the review process.
  3.      By subscribing to the Journal individually and through your institution.
  4.      By soliciting for adverts on the Journal which will help to fund the  journal in its present state.
  5.      By sending in useful suggestions on how we can move the Journal forward.

·         Do you receive adverts for the Journal?
WAJM is a good platform for advertising relevant health products because it is widely accessed by clinicians and researchers in Africa. In fact, advertising in WAJM is highly rewarding and encouraged.

 ·         How can I get the hard copy of the Journal?
You can contact the editorial assistant at the Editorial Office, 6 Taylor Drive, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

The details of the subscription fees can be found in any of the recent Journals or on request.
Finally, we are committed to increasing the impact factor of the Journal and making it one of the most prestigious journals in the world. 

PROF. G. E. ERHABOR, MBBS, FWACP, FCCP, FRCP (Edin), FRCP (Lond.)
Editor-in-Chief - West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM)
College of Health Sciences,
Department of Medicine,
Obafemi Awolowo
University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife,
Osun State, Nigeria

Thursday 1 March 2018

WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE



The West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), is published by the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons. The Journal accepts articles in English and French. WAJM is indexed/abstracted in EMBASE, Excerpta Medica, Medline/Index Medicus, African Journals on Line and African Index Medicus amongst others.


MISSION


The West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM), a joint publication of the West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons, is for clinicians, scientists and others interested in the field of medicine and the medical sciences.


The Journal which accepts articles in English and French is indexed/abstracted in EMBASE, Excerpta Medica, Medline/Index Medicus, African Journals on Line and African Index Medicus.


 
MISSION & SCOPE


The West African Journal of Medicine (WAJM) publishes contributions of professional, scientific and educational interest to medical and dental practitioners and researchers and those in related disciplines, with special focus on medical practice and research in Africa and its people.


The aim of the Journal is to provide a medium for international dissemination of research findings in West Africa and elsewhere and to promote co-operation amongst and between medical researchers in Africa and elsewhere.


The Journal is published in English and French. Supplements are published upon arrangement with the Editor-in-Chief.


The mission of WAJM is to educate clinicians, improve the life and care of patients, stimulate and disseminate findings from research in medicine and allied biomedical sciences and related areas and provide a forum for the documentation and exchange of information in the clinical and biomedical sciences.


 
MANUSCRIPTS


The Journal accepts only articles that have neither been published nor are being considered for publication by any other journal. WAJM publishes reports of experimental and clinical work on all aspects of research in medicine, dentistry and related subjects and disciplines. Manuscripts must be written in the form suggested in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals:Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.


http://www.icmjc.org/urm_full

A detailed general write-up on “Information for Authors” is given in the ICMJE . This article should be consulted by all potential medical authors. WAJM will publish contributions dealing with all aspects of medicine and dentistry and related disorders particularly relating to Africans and black peoples. Articles submitted to WAJM showed fall into one of the following types:



(a) Original research article,


 
(b) Brief communications and case reports,


 
(c) Medical education matters and issues


 
(d) Reviews and meta-analysis


 
(e) Conference and Workshop reports


 
(f) Supplements


 
(g) Editorials and commentaries


 
(h) Correspondence (Letters)


 
(i) Patient vignettes


 
(j) Book Reviews


 
(k) Association News


 
(l) Medical and Health News


 
(m) Miscellaneous (Prose, poetry, socio-political issues, etc.).


 
The full manuscript, which should be in French or UK English (with abstract in both French and English and of no more than 250 words), is to be submitted by email including full set of tables and figures.


 
Authors should submit an electronic version of the manuscript (using point size 12 of New Times Roman) and illustrations to:wajmeditorinchief@gmail.com


 
Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced throughout (including references and tables) and sent to the Editor-in-Chief at the above address.


 
The manuscript should be organised under the following sections:


 


(1) Title page;


(2) Abstract; Keywords (using MeSH of Index Medicus);


(3) Abbreviations;


(4) Introduction;


(5) Subjects, Materials and Methods;


(6) Results;


(7) Discussion;


(8) Acknowledgements;


(9) Duality of Interest (if applicable);


(10) References;


(11) Tables;


(12) Figures;


(13) Legends to Tables and Figures.


 
Appropriate variations from this outline apply to such contributions as editorials, commentaries, prose and poetry etc. Abstracts of original contributions including case reports should be structured into Background; Objectives; Methods; Results, and Conclusions.


 
The title page should contain the title of the article, the names, highest degree, appointments and affiliations of the authors as well as a suggested running title and the details of the corresponding author. References in journal titles spelt as in Index Medicus, Pubmed/ Medline, Tables and legends should be provided in line with the “Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals”.


 
MANUSCRIPTS STYLE


WAJM publishes reports of experimental and clinical work on all aspects of research in medicine, dentistry and related subjects and disciplines. Manuscripts must be written in the form suggested in the Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals” and as modified by the Journal.


 
A word count must be provided both for abstracts (a maximum of 250 words) and the main text (exclusive of references, tables and figure legends). Data should not be sliced to the size of the smallest publishable unit but must be a complete documentation of a study. Contributors are requested to disclose any conflicts of interest that might bias their work. They should acknowledge in the manuscript all financial support for the work and other personal connections.


 
SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT


The Journal welcomes papers in the form of original research articles, commentaries, editorials, reviews and educational materials as well as scientific, sociopolitical and economic contributions in matters that impact on medical care, education and research. An electronic copy of the manuscript should also be sent to the email address of the Editor-in Chief.


 


Professor Gregory Erhabor


The Editor-in-Chief,


West African Journal of Medicine


Department of Medicine,


Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital,


IIe-Ife, Nigeria


P. M.B. 2023, LAGOS, NIGERIA.


 
E-mail: wajmeditorinchief@gmail.com


 
Revised manuscript:


When revising a manuscript at the request of the Editor-in-Chief, authors should provide a covering letter detailing the response to each of the points raised by the assessors or the editors. A copy should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief by email.


 


Information about electronic submissions is available from the Editor-in-Chief. An electronic proof of the edited manuscript may be sent to the corresponding author for corrections on request. Such proofs must be returned to the Editor within three days of dispatch by the Editorial office. Typographical corrections only should be effected when correcting galley proofs.


 


Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the “Uniform Requirements Submitted to Biomedical Journals” (1). The paper should be typed with 3 cm margins and double spaced throughout, including illustrations and references. Pages should be numbered and word-count provided for the abstract and the complete paper excluding references, tables and legends. Point size 12 using Times New Roman should be used throughout the manuscript, using Microsoft Word application.


 


All contributions are peer reviewed by assessors. Accepted manuscripts may be copy-edited according to the Journal style. The authors are responsible for all statements and claims made in their work and such claims and statements are not necessarily shared by the Editors or the Publishers or Owners of the Journal. Similarly, neither the Editors nor the Publishers guarantee any claims made concerning advertised products or services.


 


The manuscript should be accompanied by a covering letter, which identifies the corresponding author and signed by all co-authors. Only those who have contributed significantly should be included as authors (vide infra). All authors should also sign the declaration and copyright when the contribution is finally accepted. The senior author should provide an explanation for any of the authors unable to sign.


 


Offprints


Offprints are obtainable from the Editor in-Chief at advertised rates.


These should be paid for at the time of final acceptance of contributions.


 


TYPES OF CONTRIBUTIONS


Indicate the type of contribution in the covering letter as follows:


 


Section A: Original Research Articles


An original research should concern itself with aetiology, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis, management and prevention of medical disorders.


Animal research contributions which impact on human health care are equally welcome in this section. This type of manuscript should have a maximum of 4,000 words and a maximum total of eight tables and/ or illustrations and no more than thirty references.


 


Section B: Brief Communications and Case Reports


Examples of these include unique case reports, clinical experiences, reports of adverse drug effects, and short reports of original research. The text should not exceed 1,500 words, total of three figures and/or tables and no more than fifteen references. The format should be as for a standard paper.


 


Section C: Medical Education


Important innovations in medical education for clinicians as well as continuing professional improvement. Text length and other requirements are as for original research publications.


 


Section D: Reviews and Meta-Analyses


Detailed systematic and critical evaluation and meta-analysis of the literature on clinical practice topics, drug therapy, mechanisms of disease, current concepts on clinical topics, or other topics of scientific or clinical interest. These will normally be submitted on request but the EIC will also entertain unsolicited contributions. Maximum length should be 5,000 words and should contain sub-headings (maximum three sub-sub heads). Maximum number of 60 references and 10 Tables/illustrations.


 


Section E: Conference and Workshop


Reports and Supplements


Conference and workshop reports should not exceed 5,000 words, and should be edited before submission. Proceedings of grand rounds are also welcome in this section. The Journal will also publish special issues as supplements upon a proposal having been accepted by the Journal.


 


Section F: Editorials and Commentaries


Editorials and commentaries are normally commissioned. However, unsolicited ones are welcome and subject to routine assessment. The theme should be topical or on papers published in the Journal. The maximum length should be 1,000 words with no more than 20 references.


 


Section G: Correspondence


Letters to the Editor should contain a maximum of 600 words, five references and no more than two illustrations and/ or tables. Letters may be on matters concerning clinical observations, other matters of clinical relevance or reactions to articles published in the Journal.


 


Correspondence should be typed double-spaced and submitted in duplicate by e-mail. Accepted letters may be edited before publishing.


 


REFERENCES


The references should be numbered in parentheses in the order in which they appear in the text, tables, or legends. References should be in the Vancouver style, as laid down in the “Uniform


Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals (1)”.


At the end of the article the full list of references should give the surname and initials of all authors unless there are more than six, when only the first six should be given, followed by et al.


 


The author’s name should be followed by the title of the article, the title of the Journal abbreviated as in Index Medicus, the year of publication, the volume number and the first and last pages.


For books, the references should follow the following format: the author, title of book, place of publication, the publisher, the year and the relevant pages. Journals not listed in Index Medicus should be spelt out in full.


 


DOCUMENTS CITED


1. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscript submitted to Biomedical Journals. http://www.icmjc.org/urm_full


 


2. 41st World Medical Assembly. Declaration of Helsinki’s recommendations guiding Physicians in Biomedical Research and involving human subjects Bulletin PanAmerican Health Organisation.1990;24: 606–9.